SÍNDROME DO PIRIFORME - ANATOMIA, ETIOPATOGENIA E TRATAMENTO: UMA REVISÃO INTEGRATIVA
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.64671/ts.v25i1.108Palavras-chave:
Síndrome do músculo piriforme, Anatomia, Diagnóstico, TratamentoResumo
A síndrome do piriforme (SP) é uma condição caracterizada por dor em queimação, parestesia e fraqueza no compartimento glúteo ou posterior da perna. Essa síndrome desenvolve-se quando o piriforme, um músculo que tem sua origem na face anterior do sacro e sua inserção no trocânter maior do fêmur, comprime o nervo isquiático devido a variações anatômicas. Nesse sentido, quando o nervo isquiático ou algum de seus ramos passa por entre as fibras do piriforme, mecanismos como espasmo, edema ou hipertrofia do músculo comprimem facilmente o nervo. Diante disso, este estudo visa avaliar aspectos anatômicos, etiopatogênicos e terapêuticos envolvidos na SP. Assim, foi realizada uma revisão integrativa com análise de estudos publicados entre 2021 a 2025 nas bases de dados Biblioteca Virtual em Saúde (BVS), PubMed e Periódicos CAPES, utilizando a chave de busca: ("Piriformis Syndrome" OR "Piriformis Muscle Syndrome" OR "Síndrome do Piriforme" OR "Síndrome do Músculo Piriforme") AND (“Anatomia” OR “Anatomy”) AND (“Tratamento” OR “Treatment” OR “Tratamentos” OR “Treatments”). Então, após aplicar os critérios de inclusão e a triagem de título e resumo, restaram 24 artigos que foram utilizados no estudo. Diante dos estudos analisados, foi verificado que aproximadamente 15,4% dos indivíduos possuem alguma variação anatômica no trajeto do nervo isquiático em relação ao piriforme. Para seu diagnóstico, é necessária avaliação da história clínica e do exame físico completo do paciente, além de exames de imagem para descartar outras etiologias. Sendo assim, o tratamento pode ser feito através de mecanismos como a fisioterapia, abordagens farmacológicas ou descompressão cirúrgica.
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